Hesmondhalgh:
- The idea that cultural industry companies aim to minimise risk and maximise audiences through vertical and horizontal integration, by formatting their cultural products (e.g through the stars, genres and serials.)
- Vertical integration: One firm engaged in different parts of production (Growing raw materials, manufacturing, transporting, marketing, retailing).
- Horizontal integration: A consolidation of many firms that handle the same part of the production process.
- As well as this it holds the idea that the largest companies now operate across a number of different cultural industries.
- A third Idea from the cultural industries theory is that the radical potential of the internet has been contained to some extent by its partial incorporation into a large, profit-orientated set of cultural industries.
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